School Uniform :: essays research papers

School UniformThroughout the Japan, numerous school boards have been attempting to standardize the clothing that students wear. The school superintendents who are in favor of uniforms will argue that the children who wear them will experience many benefits. I disagree with this idea. I feel that the use of uniforms will strip identity, stifle creativity and unnecessarily burden the families that cannot afford them. The use of uniforms has already been implemented in several long-standing social environments. The prison or penal system uses uniforms to brand those who are incarcerated. Moreover, military uses them to separate and remove the individualism inside of the soldier. In both cases, individual identity is stripped away and the subject is forced to conform to the same outward appearance as every other subject.Another problem that will surface due to the implementation of school uniforms is the suppression of the individual's creativity and expressions. Many students express wh o they are though the way they dress. If a teenager wants to show something that he or she likes, then he or she might wear a T-shirts that states a positive view on the subjects. School uniforms would end of this example listed within this paragraph and much more.The last problem that needs to be addressed is the necessary load that will be placed upon families. Many low-income families do not have the money available to provide uniforms to their children especially, private schools. In Japan, especially mission schools, the school board trying to pass the legislation that a child cannot attend school unless they have on the proper uniform. An education is supposed to be available to all children, not just the ones whose parents can afford to buy the government ordered, or schools ordered uniform.

Systems Analysis and Design

ACME Financial is a fast growing company that owes part of its growth to several recent acquisitions. ACME Financial now wants to consolidate the companies’ information technology resources to eliminate redundancy and share information among the new companies. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has oversight responsibility for the project and has hired Client/Servers R Us to develop the architecture for the new corporate information system. Joe Consultant of C/S R Us presented 3 client/server designs to the CIO and is requesting the CIO to select one.The CIO is not sure which middleware design is best for the company’s goals. The CIO has asked Chris Consultant to present the advantages and disadvantages for each of the alternatives. Background ACME Financial Incorporated (AF Inc. ) is an investment banking company that provides an on-line service that allows their clients to access account and market information. ACME Financial Inc. recently acquired several small and medium sized companies throughout the country, each with their own financial and accounting systems.Almost all of the companies have developed their own application software for their analysts’ use in their daily jobs, but only a few provided on-line account service. The analytical tools rely on near-real time market data and historical market data. The CIO wants to consolidate the financial and accounting information into a corporate information system that can support decision support applications for corporate management. Naturally, since the computer hardware is different for different companies, the CIO expects to upgrade the hardware to accommodate the new Information Technology (IT) system.The CIO will select the best analytical software as the standard software used by all company analysts. Each local site will be expected to provide an on-line service for their customers. Customers will be given the necessary application software to access their account information. Finally, ACME Financial has developed special data mining software that gives them a competitive advantage. AF Inc. offers their customers investment advice based on the information derived by the data mining software.Each account manager receives the information and then provides tailored recommendations  to each customer based on their portfolio. System Requirements The following list of system requirements reflects the system’s priorities (listed roughly in order of priority): 1. Availability: The CIO’s number one priority is high availability. AF Inc. markets their reliability and feels that most clients choose them for their dependability. The CIO wants to maximize the system’s availability. To achieve high availability, if a regional office cannot provide support then a customer must always have access to the on-line service through a different office. 2.Data Integrity: The requirement for data integrity varies within the system. The most important data are customer’s transactions. It is essential that a customer’s transaction is never lost and the system must guarantee that each transaction is completed. In contrast, data lost from the high data rate inputs, such as Reuter’s and the NYSE, are easily recovered during the each broadcast so it is not critical if some data are lost during a broadcast. 3. Performance: Financial markets are highly volatile; time sensitivity of data is measured in minutes. Millions can be lost if information is delayed getting to the analysts.The system must be able to support information broadcast throughout the network. 4. Security: The CIO is concerned about the security of the data mining software and the information produced by the data mining software. The Chief Executive Officer thinks the data mining information software provides a competitive advantage for the company. If an unauthorized user had access to the information they could steal the data mining applications or stea l the information produced by the data mining software. In either case, the perpetrator could make the same investment recommendations as AF Inc. account managers.Therefore, if competitors had access to the information the results could be financially devastating to the company. The CIO is concerned that a competitor could pose as a customer and hack into the highly sensitive information through his on-line service account. 5. Growth: The CIO envisions an incremental migration process to install the new system due to the magnitude of the change. Also, he expects that AF Inc. will continue to grow and acquire more companies. The CIO wants to be able to develop more application software as new customer services are added. The CIO also wants to add more near-real time information sources to  the system. 6.Backup and Recovery: The CIO understands that the system will encounter problems from time to time. A key factor in determining the system’s success is how quickly the system can recover from a failure. Backup and recovery must be smooth and non-disruptive. One way to ensure that the system can easily recover from a system crash is to make sure the data is duplicated elsewhere on the system. The corporate database is the primary back up for each of the regional offices. Configuration Each local office (Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest) has accesses a regional information hub.Local offices use client software to access the local application server. These application servers access the local databases for almost all of the information needed on a daily basis. For access to information needed less frequently the application software should access the central database at corporate headquarters. Each regional database has only the subset of information that is relevant for its area, whereas the corporate headquarters maintains all of the information from each region as well as data that is unique to corporate applications, such as additional accoun ting and company financial information.The corporate office is also responsible for the data mining software and information. Each of the regional databases is connected with high capacity links to the corporate database. Finally, the corporate office receives information from Reuter’s, NYSE, NASDAQ, and other financial markets. The information flow fluctuates daily from 30 – 40 KBps to 4 – 5 MBps. Twenty-five percent of the information is immediately broadcast to the regional offices to support the on-line account service. All the information is filtered and stored in the database. Architectural AlternativesAlternative I: The Database Management System This alternative takes advantage of the extended functionality provided by the popular relational database management companies, such as Oracle and Sybase. All information is delivered into the system where it is immediately stored into one of the databases. The relational database management software is responsi ble for the distribution of information throughout the system. Clients communicate with the databases through Standard Query Language (SQL). Corporate and regional databases are kept synchronized using features supplied by the RDBMS software.Transactions are guaranteed by using special Transaction Processing Software. The vendor-supplied RDBMS software is responsible for back-up and recovery of all the databases. Data security is handled at the row level within each database. This means that clients can only receive records for which their user has permission. Existing application software may have to be modified to use SQL. Alternative II: Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) This solution depends on CORBA to tie together the clients and databases. CORBA is responsible for distributing data across the system.The RDBMS software is still responsible for the back-up and recovery, but the databases are kept synchronized using CORBA as the primary transport mechanism for th e data. Clients, application servers, and databases communicate to each other through CORBA’s transport mechanism. Existing application software would be wrapped in IDL to communicate with other applications. Special near-real time handling application software would send the information to each of the regional offices where it would be directed to clients that subscribe to the information.Alternative III: Message and Queuing (M&Q) The message and queuing design uses commercial M & Q software combined with a transaction processing product to ensure customer’s transactions are completed. Dec Message Queue and MQ Series are some of the leading products for messaging and queuing software. Clients communicate to other entities using messages. Messages are deposited in queues and the message and queuing middleware is responsible for message distribution to the appropriate clients. The software applications will be modified to send and receive messages from queues.Questions to Answer (Total 100 points) The case study must be discussed covering the designs and these questions with your teammates, but your final write-up should be your collaborative work. Doing research on specific products for the assignment should certainly be a team activity. The total length of the write-up should probably not exceed 5 pages. 1. Describe in more detail the architecture of each architectural alternative. To do this you will need to flesh out the specifics of the various parts.This will require some research on the  products indicated (or other comparable products that you locate). Note that some services are automatically provided when a particular product is purchased, while others must be developed to satisfy the system requirements. You should describe what services are automatically provided by the products, which services would need to be developed, and how services should be distributed across the network. (40 points) 2. Evaluate each of the alternatives again st the system requirements, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. (You may assume that the hardware will support all solutions.)In your analysis you might consider issues such as which alternative gives the system developers the most flexibility, which alternative provides easiest maintenance, and which alternative requires the least modification to the current system. Other hints for system comparison are listed below. (40 points) 3. Prioritize each alternative or suggest a different solution if you think it superior to the presented alternatives. (20 points) Suggestions on how to proceed 1. There is not enough information to make an informed decision about each of the alternatives.As a team, allot a percentage of your time to discover which products offer what type of services. You do not have enough time to do a complete market survey so be selective. 2. If you depend only on marketing information you may find that the alternatives are equivalent. So you might want to go beyond the market literature in doing your research for this assignment. 3. As you do your analysis, pay particular attention to some of the following kinds of issues: a. How well does the architecture support the basic system functionality requirements? b. How much run time performance overhead does the architecture impose?c. How well will specific products handle the high volume of data? d. How will each architecture handle occasional peak loads? e. How easy is it to customize the system to new requirements? 4. In your analysis, when you are considering costs, you do not need to consider the actual product cost. (It may be impossible to get actual product costs anyway. ) Instead, evaluate cost with respect to the amount of customized software that will be necessary to implement each alternative, and how this might affect long-term maintenance costs, time to implement, flexibility, etc.

Industrialization after the Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1121 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Introduction The industrialization which took place between 1865 and 1920 had effect o the society, economy and the politics of U.S. The effect of industrialization revised the working and living conditions of citizens, the rise of businesses, and the role in foreign affairs came into existence due to industrialization. However, there were some negative effects associated with industrialization in America. Therefore the purpose of this paper will be to discuss some of the events which took place after the civil war. Three major aspects of the industrialization The three aspects affected by industrialization in America were society, politics and economy. Society was highly influenced by industrialization because there were building of companies, railway was being used to distribute goods and services to different nations (Arrington, 2013). Also, there was movement of many people from the south and farm areas ending towards the Northern urban areas. United States was shifting from agriculture to being more industrialized. Therefore they needed iron and steel for industrialization (Gilder Lehrman Institute, 2009). The society contributed a lot to the industrialization aspect by working in those factories to earn money, as well as working in steel plants. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Industrialization after the Civil War" essay for you Create order Economy is the second aspect of industrialization. Economy played the overall role towards industrialization since all the factories, trains, and stores were built contributing to economic growth. Immigration of people made the economy to change the society into an urban industrial state (Schultz, 2013). Industrialization reduced investment interests in machine production because the machines were used to produce other goods thus increasing the productivity. Increased productivity led to economic growth through rising the living standards of people. Due to economic growth, more employment opportunities were created rising the income of the people. Politics is the last aspect. The aspects of politics was reflected in business sector rather than to the urban people who were poor not even the working class.   Schulz (2013), states that different politicians from state, local and federal government provided their friends with land grants and government contracts. Politicians were more corrupt and they rooted public funds. 5 groups that were affected by industrialization Industrialization impacted on   the first group, the middle and low class because, building of assembly lines left the lower class jobless (Rees, 2015). When the economy had growth rate of employment had increased, however as the industrialization stepped on low class become victims as the factories were built for extensive production. Use of machines for production purposes left many unemployed. According to Gilder (2009) building of factories left may people unemployed because assembly lines could produce goods within a short period of time as compared to man. Also Gilder Lehman Institute argued that workers were being defended by labor groups from greedy employers who looked at the workers as cost of production instead of regular individuals. However, most of the low income earners secured some good jobs in the newly formed factories to work with the machines thus increasing their level of earning (Morris, 2013). The second group was the Native Americans. Due to industrialization, America by roads, railroads were expanded and from there more towns were build causing reduction in Indian land thus forcing the Native Americans to take small portions of land in different parts of the country (Rees 2015). Consequently, with the building of new urban areas, factories growing constant and need for land to build more factories forced the Natives to move to even much smaller areas (Morris, 2013). As stated by the University of Michigan, â€Å"there were sprouting up of new urban areas as cities started to grow with factories, mills and need for other structures to expand industry which led to taking the Native American tribes land†. After displacement they moved close to the factories hoping to get employment. There they experienced harsh conditions as the housing was poor and unsanitary was very high causing diseases and epidemics. A positive effect of industrialization was that some secured j obs in those industries, though they were paid low wages due to lack of skills (Rees 2015). The third group was the immigrants. Europe had experienced some tremendous population growth forcing some people to migrate. Some came to the US from eastern, central and southern Europe to seek land for cultivation. This was due to the industrial revolution in Europe which had drawn people from the agricultural areas to the urban areas causing overcrowding and unemployment (University of Michigan nd). Those immigrants were affected because they came into America never knowing any English nor had any work skill. The fourth group of people was the children. Due to industrialization, more industries were build and they needed cheap labor. For that reason children were used to provide the cheap labor because they worked for minimal wages as compared to adults. Due to child labor, some of the children even become deformed and crippled. The fifth group of people was the African American. They possessed no skills hence they were assigned with inferior jobs (Morris, 2013). They had limited access to education. They suffered low wages as well as discrimination. However, before industrialization black Americans were working as slaves in the big plantations of the Native Americans but due to industrializations those plantations were deployed to build factories thus making the blacks free from slavery and hard labor. Another group of people were the women. They worked under low pay and they were not given equal opportunities as men. Women were also denied the right to vote. 5 ways in which industrialization affected the average American Averaging Americans suffered low wages. Most of the workers in the factory were women and children who were paid low wages. The average Americans lacked the relevant skills. Secondly, industrialization led to women and child labor (Rees, 2015). Women and children were faced with long working hours as well as harsh working conditions. Many were faced with dangerous health issues and short lunch breaks. Average Americans Also faced against poor housing (Schwab, 2017). The average Americans were oppressed because authorities never enforced laws. Business men did what they wished to and never followed the law. Average Americans also experienced poor housing due to displacements from industrialization. There were positive effects too whereby; economically, there was diversity of the market and people never needed to go to one place and buy their products, industrialization led to reduction in transportation cost for the average American because more roads and rails had been build, farmers were introduced to new and better farming technologies with introduction of farming machines (Rees, 2015). Above all average woman was transformed to a better positional change. Women could now work in the office and factories unlike traditionally when women were associated with only taking care of the household. Conclusion In conclusion, American industrialization caused tremendous change in the life of different groups of individuals as discussed in the essay.